Branches
Scholars divide a Slavic languages into troika independent branches, a bit of of which feature sub-branches:

East Slavic, including Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn. West Slavic, which further subdivide into: Czech in the Czech Republic and Slovak in Slovakia, Upper and Lower Sorbian in Germany, Lechitic languages: Polish, Pomeranian/Kashubian and Polabian. South Slavic, which further subdivide into: American subgroup composed of Slovenian from Slovenia, Serbian (Serbia and Montenegro), Bosnian (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Croatian (Croatia). Slavicists typically class action a latter iii together when a Serbo-Croatian language. Eastern subgroup composed of Bulgarian in Bulgaria and adjacent areas; and of Macedonian from the Republic of Macedonia. (A few slavicists, especially victims around Bulgaria & Greece, regard Macedonian as a "regional norm" of the Bulgarian language like than as a separate language.)

Map of Slavic languages inside Europe

A three-party section of a Slavic languages doesn't allow the spoken dialects of each language. One, certain & then-supposed transitional idiom and interbred accent typically bridge a gaps between different languages, showing similarities that don't could have out whilst comparing Slavic literary (we.e., standard) languages.

Plenty differences survive between a various Slavic idiom & languages to produce communication between speakers of different Slavic languages hard. Inside the single Slavic languages, idiom might diverge less than, when victims of Russian, or even to a lot greater degree, when victims of Slovenian. Modern mass media, however, has helped to minimize variation altogether the Slavic languages. Note as well that historical inter-Slav ethnical currents, like a influence of South Slavic Old Church Slavonic & of South Slavic scholars in Russian, use exercised a bit of re-unifying influence.

History

Common roots and ancestry
1 potty review altogether Slavic languages when descendent from either Proto-Slavic, their parent language.

Based on data from a few historical linguistics theories, Proto-Slavic in turn developed from either a Proto-Balto-Slavic language, a most common ascendent of Proto-Baltic, the parent of the Baltic languages. Based on data from this theory, a "Urheimat" of Proto-Balto-Slavic lay in the territories surrounding in todays world's Lithuania at some instance fallowing a Indo-European language community experienced separated into different idiom regions (c. 3000 BC). Slavic & Baltic speakers part at least 289 words which stand are from either that supposititious language. Based on data from either a few linguists a run of separation of Proto-Slavic speakers from Proto-Baltic speakers presumptively occurred as much as 1000 BC.

A few linguists maintain yet, that a Slavic class action of languages differs extra radically from either a neighboring Baltic class action (Lithuanian, Latvian, and a okay,-extinct Old Prussian). a Baltic language speakers it used to be that sleep in a very much big locality along the Baltic Sea and south. Starting by AD 600 Slavic language speakers gradually spread & took on top big areas of Baltic settlements. (At a equivalent instance records note the children ingesting on top portions of Greece.) (The number one documented attempt at conquest of Baltic speakers by Slavic speakers comes from either Adalbert of Prague in the year AD 997.) This group of linguists tell you Baltic/Slavic similarities around grammar & vocabulary following of this Slav migration into a Baltic-speaking areas & a subsequent proximity of the 2 groups.

The minority of linguists, spurred per idea of "geolinguistics", view a southern branch of the Slavic languages when even autochthonous to the Balkans.

Differentiation of Slavic languages

In the opinion of linguists, probably even in the 10th–12th centuries all Slavs spoke generally a equivalent language, sustaining super cold-shoulder differences.

Linguistic differentiation standard impetus from either a dispersion of a Slavic peoples above big territory - which around Central Europe exceeded the todays extent of Slavic-speaking majorities. Written documents of the Ninth, 10th & Eleventh centuries already use a bit of local linguistic features. E.g. a Freising monuments show a language which contains occasionally phonetic & lexical elements peculiar to Slovenian idiom (e.g. rhotacism, the word krilatec).

Separation of South and West Slavs
A movement of Slavic-speakers into a Balkans in the declining centuries of the Byzantine empire expanded the metropolitan locality of Slavic speech, however pre-existing languages (notably Greek) survived therein area. A arrival of the Hungarians within Pannonia in the 9th century interposed non-Slavic speakers between South and West Slavs. Frankish conquests completed a geographical separation between these ii groups, severing the connection between Slavs within Lower Austria (Moravians) from people within present-contemporary Styria, Carinthia and East Tyrol, ancestors of present-contemporary Slovenians.

Slavic-speaking populations under foreign rule
Political situations keep close at h& as well affected a utilise and scope of the Slavic languages. In the course of their history, numerous Slavic-speaking communities come under foreign rule for even hanker or shorter periods. Poland underwent partition, German-speaking empires appeared to absorb a Czechs for many centuries, & a Ottomans in their hey-day dominated a Balkan Slavs. Possibly a Russians had to submit to the Tatar yoke.

A big geographical extent of Slavic people, which in the Middle Ages included the majority of the present-contemporary German lands of Brandenburg and Pomerania, diminished in the course of the German Drang nach Osten.

Turkish incursions suppressed the regional hegemonies of Bulgarian & Serbian speakers; Pol& suffered decline, partition and extinction as a separate national state in the 18th century. Until a 20th century, certain speech-groups (like speakers of Slovenian) lacked a resources to establish their have distinctive independent united states-states. More communities (speakers of Sorbian or of Kashubian, for example) remain when minorities in the todays patterns of united states-states.

A select few speech-communities keep close at h& yearn stood under a influence of others -- potentially more Slavs: speakers of Ukrainian and Belarusian come under Polish and/or Russian rule; German-speaking lord keep close at hand hanker dominated a Sorbian-speakers. In a pack of Czech- & Slovak-speakers, originally kindred languages diverged while a previous come under German rule, the latter under Hungarian. A equivalent section marks a at present easily-established border between a Slovenian & Croatian language zone, potentially whenever a few bordering idiom of the ii languages suggest an most smooth transition.

Despite their frequent want of political power, speakers of Slavic languages demonstrated resilience, periodically unfeeling ingesting above foreign political rulers, when inside Bulgaria, where Bulgar overlords became Slavicized. Likewise, in the Republic of Dubrovnik Croatian became an official language in parallel to Ragusan Dalmatian and Latin. Potentially under a Ottoman Empire, south-eastern Europe, except for Greece proper and Albanian, Romanian and Hungarian areas, remained Slavic speaking.

Modern developments
In the 19th century Pan-Slavism combined with nationalism to foster linguistic & literary expansion and revival: typically under a aegis of the Russian czar. A arrival of Communist regimes in a 20th century fostered a separate lingustic development of Ukrainian, Belarusian & Macedonian, e.g., however the years from either 1945 to 1990 saw the immense majority of Slavic speakers sorted in the institutions of the Warsaw Pact under Soviet Russian domination. the resulting trend to political independence & a break-higher of the old unified polities (Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia) has encouraged a greater diversity of Slavic linguistic paths.

Slavic influence on neighboring languages
A Romanian and Hungarian languages witness a influence of the neighboring Slavic nations, especially in the vocabulary on to crafts & trade; the major ethnical innovations at days whenever pack long-range ethnic contacts took place.

Despite the corresponding extent of historical proximity, German shows no important Slavic influence, of these notable exception existence a word for "border", Grenze, from either a Slavic *granĭca.

Detailed list with ISO 639 and SIL codes

A below tree for a Slavic languages derives from either the Ethnologue report for Slavic languages[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90673]. It includes a SIL, ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2 codes where available. ISO 639-Two utilizes a code sla around a general way for Slavic languages non involved around one of the more codes.

East Slavic languages: Belarusian (alternatively Belarusan, Belarussian, Belorussian) - (SIL code: bel; ISO 639-One code: exist as; ISO 639-Two code: bel) A United States State Department, Ethnologue and the Rosetta Project recognize the form Belarusan. Ukrainian - (SIL code: ukr; ISO 639-1 code: gb; ISO 639-Two code: ukr) Russian - (SIL code: rus; ISO 639-1 code: ru; ISO 639-Two code, rus) Rusyn - (SIL code: rue; ISO 639-2 code: sla)

West Slavic languages: Sorbian section (also referred to as Wendish) - ISO 639-2 code: wen Lower Sorbian (also referred to as Lusatian) - (SIL code: dsb; ISO 639-Two code: dsb) Upper Sorbian - (SIL code: hsb; ISO 639-2 code: hsb) Lechitic section Polish - (SIL code: pol; ISO 639-One code, pl; ISO 639-Two code, political leader) Pomeranian Kashubian - (SIL code: csb; ISO 639-2 code: csb) Slovincian - extinct Polabian - extinct - (SIL code: pox; ISO 639-2 code: sla) Czech-Slovak section Czech - (SIL code: ces; ISO 639-1 code: cs; ISO 639-Two(B) code, cze; ISO 639-Two(T) code: ces) Knaanic or Judeo Slavic - extinct - (SIL code: czk; ISO 639-2 code: sla) Slovak - (SIL code: slk; ISO 639-1 code: sk; ISO 639-Two(B) code: slo; ISO 639-Two(T) code: slk)

South Slavic languages: Western Section Slovenian - (SIL code: slv; ISO 639-1 code: sendero luminoso; ISO 639-Two code: slv) Croatian (SIL code: hrv; ISO 639-1 code: hour; ISO 639-2/3 code: hrv) Bosnian (SIL code: bos; ISO 639-1 code: bs; ISO 639-2/3 code: bos) Serbian (SIL code: srp; ISO 639-1 code: sr; ISO 639-2/3 code: srp) Eastern Section Macedonian - (SIL code: mkd; ISO 639-1 code: mk; ISO 639-Two(B) code: mackintosh; ISO 639-Two(T) code: mkd) Bulgarian - (SIL code: bul; ISO 639-1 code: bg; ISO 639-Two code: bul) Old Church Slavonic - extinct (SIL code: chu; ISO 639-1 code: cu; ISO 639-Two code: chu)

Note that Serbian, Croatian & Bosnian antecedently formed the one Serbo-Croatian (SIL 14th ed. code: SRC; ISO 639-One code: sh; ISO 639-Two(B) codes: scr & scc). Watch as well: Differences in official languages in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia.

Transitional Church Slavonic language, derived from either Old Church Slavonic, however by owning important replacement of a original vocabulary by forms from the Old Russian language and other regional forms. A Russian Orthodox Church and Serbian Orthodox Church continue to use Church Slavonic as a liturgical language. Patch non utilized around modern days, the text of a Church Slavonic mass lives in the Czech Republic, which is best known across Janacek's musical theater setting of it (a Glagolitic Mass).

The planned language called Slovio also exists: constructed on the basis of Slavic languages, & designed to help intercommunication between population every of whom already speak at least 1 Slavic language.